动词大族
【自学最终目标】
1.掌控动词的涵义并辨识动词类型
2.掌控常用动词的基本上象征意义及用语
3.掌控本语篇中的重点项目词语
【谢鲁瓦1】
动词是甚么？在中考中是不是考？
动词是用以替代术语或术语词组的词，采用动词能防止多次重复，使语句简约。别名动词是则表示“我、你、他”的词。它有别名、数和格的变动。
一、别名动词
1.作宾语中用属格。比如：I am a teacher.
2.作宾语中用用属格
（1）作宾语的宾语。
如：Mr. Green teaches us English.
（2）作助动词的宾语。
如：I often play football with him.
【众所周知菲涅尔】
1. Nancy and Kate are good friends. are both from England.
A. We B. You C. They
2. Could you record today’s NBA basketball game for me? I can watch later.
A. one B. my C. your D. it
3.Jenny has a sweet tooth. Let’s make some cookies for .
A. me B. him
C. her D. them
4. Miss Smith, an American lady, has taught English for three years.
A. we B. us
C. our D. your
5. Tomorrow is our teacher’s birthday and we are going to give a big surprise.
A. his B. him
C. he D. himself
6. Thanks for inviting to dinner, Nancy. I really enjoy it.
A. her B. him
C. you D. me
7. I can’t find my ticket. I think I have lost .
A. it B. one
C. this D. them
8.—What’s the boy’s name?
— is Eric.
A. He B. Her
B. His D.it
注意：It还有如下用语：
1.则表示天气、时间、距离等用it.
如：It is ten o’ clock.
It is raining.
It is ten kilometers away.
2.指代前面提到过的事物。
如：The book on the desk is not mine.It is Tom’s.
3.替代指示动词this，that。
如：—what’s that？
—It is a pencil.
4.用作形式宾语或形式宾语的时候用动词it.it的常用句型：
It is adj.for sb.to do sth.做某事对于某人是是不是样的
It is time for sth./to do 到了该做某事的时候
It seems that好像似乎……
It is one’s turn to do轮到某人做某事
【菲涅尔】英译汉
It’s easy to learn English.
I find it necessary to be on time.
It takes him two hours to finish his homework every day.
【谢鲁瓦2】
物主动词的特点？有哪些分类？
物主动词用以则表示所有关系的。分为形容词性物主动词和术语性物主动词。
形容词性物主动词的用语：
1.形容词性物主代词放在术语前作定语修饰术语，一般不单独采用。
This is our classroom.
His parents are both office workers.
in one’s spare time ,do one’s homework, take one’s place,
2.术语性物主动词等于形容词性物主动词加上术语。
如：My bag is different from hers.其中hers=her bag
【菲涅尔】
1.—Whose T-shirt is this? Is it Sally’s?
—No, it isn’t. is white.
A. My B. Mine
C. Her D. Hers
2. Tony has a new bike. It is different from .
A. my B. mine
C. myself D. me
3. Is that blue pencil case ?
A. you B. your
C. yours D. yourself
4. It is a good habit ofto read something before going to bed.
A. I B. me
C. my D. mine
5.—Is this your pencil?
— Yes, it’s .
A. my B. me
C. mine D.I
6.—Do you know whose iPhone6s this is?
—Let me see. Oh, it’s.
A.hers B. her C. him D. their
7. To my surprise, he sold house at such a low price.
A. he B. him
C. his D. himself
8.—Whose bike is this?
—It’s . My grandpa bought it for me as a birthday present.
A. his B. mine
C. hers D. their
【谢鲁瓦3】
指示动词
指示动词this, that, these, those
1.指示动词是则表示“这个，那个，这些，那些”的动词。
其中this和these是指距离说话人较近的人或者事物；that和those是指离说话人较远的人或者事物。如：
This is my book. Those are your pencils.
其中this 能指下文要提到的事，that 能指前面刚刚提到的的事。如：
Please remember this: No pains, no gains.
He was unhappy. That was why he refused my invitation.
2.指示动词this, that作宾语时，连系动词be用单数形式is，同时后面的术语用单数形式。
当these, those作宾语时，连系动词be用复数形式are，同时后面的术语用复数形式。
3.在回答宾语是this或that的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，在答语中用it替代句中的this或者that。当回答these或those作宾语的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，在答语中用they替代句中的these或those。如：
What’s that? It is a bird. What are these? They are my new books.
4.介绍某人时，用this或that，而不用he或she.
5.打电话时，说自己是谁用This is…问别人是谁用Who’s that?
【典例】汉译英
1.这是我的手机
2.那是她的包
3.这些是我们的词典
4.那些是他们的礼物
【问题谢鲁瓦4】
反身动词
反身动词：则表示谓语的动作与宾语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关，则表示某人自己。
I You
He She
It We
You They
1.反身动词常用词组
learn by oneself自学
teach oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快，玩得高兴
help oneself to随便吃用
hurt oneself受伤
by oneself独自
【菲涅尔】
1.—Did you enjoy in Chengdu last week?
—Yes, I had great fun there.
A. myself B. yourself
C. ourselves D. themselves
2.—-Your uncle is very good at cooking! How did he learn it?
—He learned it by .
A.him
B. himself
C.her D. herself
【谢鲁瓦5】
不定动词
不定动词分为复合不定动词和普通不定动词
复合不定动词，是由some- any- no- every-加one, body, thing 等组成的不定动词。
1.复合不定动词用语小结：
(1). some, any, no, every与-one,-body -thing能组成八个不定动词，他们分别是：
某人 someone/somebody 某事 something
任何人 anyone/anybody 任何事 anything
没没人 no one/nobody 没有东西nothing
每人 everyone/everybody 一切 everything
(2).带some的复合不定动词常用于肯定句中；带any的复合不定动词常用于否定句或一般疑问句中，但在则表示请求或建议的疑问句中，问话者希望得到肯定回答时，常用含有some-的不定动词，而不用变any-的不定动词。
如：我想吃点东西。I’d like to eat.
今天没人给我打电话吗？Did call me today?
你能给我一些有趣的东西吗？Could you please give me interesting ?
(3).形容词修饰复合不定动词时应后置。
如：这本书里有甚么新东西吗？Is there in this book?
今天没有甚么特别的事。There’s today.
(4).不定式to do 修饰复合不定动词时应后置。
如：没甚么可做的。There is nothing to do.
你想读点甚么吗？Do you want anything to read?
(5).复合不定动词作宾语时，都作单数看待，其谓语动词用单数第三别名形式。
如：. Something is wrong with my watch.
Well, everyone wants to win.
Nobody knows what the future will be like.
There is something for everyone at Greenwood Park.
(6).除no one以外，其他复合不定动词都写成一个词。
(7).不定动词 anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 词组。
但是any one, every one (分开写)能既能指人也能指物或后接 of 词组
如：any one of the boys (books)孩子们/书当中的任何一个。
every one of the students每一个学生。
【菲涅尔】
1. Ladies and gentlemen, attention please! I have important to tell you.
A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
2. I’ve been so bored for a long time. I hope to have to do.
A.exciting anything B. nothing exciting C. something interesting D. good something
3.—What a bad day!
— Everyone has one of those days when goes right.
A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
4. Dont worry. There is wrong with the TV set. Its only because of power cut.
A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
普通不定动词
(1)some和 any 的用语：
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数术语或不可数术语。
如：I have some work to do today.
some 用于疑问句时,则表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。
如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数术语。
如：They didn’t have any friends here.
Have you got any questions to ask?
any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。
如：Anyone can succeed.
Anything is possible.
(2) none的用语
none能指人指物,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,常与of连用，谓语动词既能用复数也能用单数。
如：None of them is/are in the classroom.
I have many books, but none is interesting.
(3)all和both的用语：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用以替代或修饰可数术语；也可用以替代或修饰不可数术语。
both指两个人或物,用以替代或修饰可数术语。all和both在语句中作宾语、宾语、表语、定语等。
all和both都能跟of连用“all/both + of the +术语/动词(复数)，其中both……and……还能连接两个术语或动词做宾语。
如：I know all of the four British students in their school.
他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识。
All of us are not supposed to smoke.
我们所没人都不应该吸烟。
Both of you are expected to study hard.
你们两个都应该好好自学。
Would you like this one or that one?你要这个还是那个？
Both.两个都要。
(4)every和each用语：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数术语,意思是“每一个”,则表示整体概念；
each是形容词、动词,可用作宾语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,则表示单个概念；each能放在术语前,能后跟of词组；
另外every指三个及三个以上的人或者事物，each指两者及两者以上的人或物。
如：Every student in his class studies very hard.
他班上每个学生自学都很用功。
They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.
他们很忙,人人都有事干。
There are many trees on each side of the road.
马路的每一边都有许多树木。
We each wear a blue shirt.
我们每一个人都穿着蓝色的衬衫。
(5)either和neither的用语：
either意思是“两个中间的任意一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。
neither/either +of+术语/动词（复数）；
neither……nor……既不……也不……；
either……or……要么……要么……；
如：Neither of the books are good.
这两本书一本都不好。
Either you or I will go.
要么你去，要么我去。
Will you go there by bus or by car?
你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？
Neither. I will go there by train.
一个都不坐,我坐火车去。
(6)other、others、the other、the others和another的用语：
other，others区别：others是other的术语所有格形式：other +术语=others
the other、the others区别：同理，the other +术语= the others
如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others（other girls ）are sitting on the grass talking.
有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话
another、the other 区别：采用范围不同,两者中的一个另一个用one……the other；三者及三者以上中的另一个用another。
如：This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?
这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？
I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.
我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。
others、the others区别：当范围确定的时候要加定冠词the。
如：A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.（没有具体范围）
有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看
Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.（具体范围：十个男生）
十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。
(7)many和much的用语：
many意思是“很多”,与可数术语复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数术语连用，二者也能与则表示程度的副词so, too,how连用。
如：I don’t have many friends here.
We can learn much with the help of him.
There are too many apple trees.
There are too much water.
(8)few、little、a few、a little的用语：
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数术语连用或替代可数的事物, little、a little与不可数术语连用或替代不可数的事物。它们在句中可作宾语、宾语和定语。
如：He is very poor and he has little money.
他很穷,几乎没有甚么钱。
Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.
别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。
In that polar region there live few people.
在那个极地地区几乎不住人。
You can get a few candies from him.
你能从他那儿弄到一些糖果。
(9). a lot of、lots of、a number of( a small/large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of都则表示“大量,许多”,区别：
a lot of、lots of既能修饰不可数术语也能修饰可数术语的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；
plenty of“足够、大量”,既能修饰不可数术语也能修饰可数术语的复数形式。
a number of / large numbers of只能修饰可数术语复数形式many、a lot of、plenty of。
a great deal of只能修饰不可数术语能换为much。
如：A lot of people think that time is money.
许多的人认为时间是金钱。
I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.
我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。
I have a number of letters to write today.
今天我有好多信要写
I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.
在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。
【菲涅尔】
1. I don’t understand what you said. Would you please give me example?
A. another B. other
C. othersD. Any
2. The twins are in different classes. One is in Class One and is in Class Two.
A. another B. other
C. the other D.others
3. Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. of them are part of his family.
A. BothB. All
C. NoneD. Neither
4.—There is mutton in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.
—OK! Let’s go.
A. little B. a little
C. few D. fewer
5. There is juice in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
6.— Would you like an apple or a pear?
—. I really don’t mind.
A. BothB. Either
C. neither D. all
7.—There’re four bedrooms in the house, with its own shower.
—That’s what I want. I’ve got a few kids.
A. either B. neither
C. each D. none
8. Helen has got two brothers. of them likes chocolate, but she loves it.
A. Neither B. None
C. Each D. Any
9.—Don’t be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you?
—No, I won’t. I know that of us are perfect after all.
A.none B. neither
C.each D. all
10. The twins look exactly the same. of them are in my class.
A. Each B. Both
C. Either D. None
【评价】
1.梳理动词的分类，画出思维导图
2.中考链接
（1）If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefit as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.（2018）
（2）On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68(it) mother.（2016）
（3）But I didn’t care. A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63(it) choking smog.（2015）
（4）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.（2017）
（5）A woman on the bus shouted ,“Oh dear “ It is 69（I）”（2014）
（6）The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,70 other is with mum-she never suspects.（2016）
3.完成下列别名动词的表格
